• Recently roflumilast has been approved as the first

  2020-09-07

  

  Recently, roflumilast has been approved as the first selective PDE4 inhibitor for the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) [2]. Roflumilast has been suggested to target several different pathogenetic mechanisms, including inflammation, fibrotic, emphysematous and vascular remode

• Several studies have shown that independently of body weight

  2020-09-07

  

  Several studies have shown that, independently of body-weight control, the central actions of leptin improve glycemic control in obese diabetic rat and mouse models [62]. For instance, restoration of OB-Rb expression in OB-Rb-deficient mice, and in particular in POMC neurons, was sufficient to norma

• Notably we demonstrated that EP EP

  2020-09-07

  

  Notably we demonstrated that EP2/EP4 receptor-coupled activation of the cAMP signaling pathway accounted for both up-regulation of COX-2 and down-regulation of LOX, which is consistent with the roles of the cAMP signaling pathway in regulation of COX-2 and LOX by PGE2 in a number of other tissues or

• Multiple technologies exist for analyzing

  2020-09-07

  

  Multiple technologies exist for analyzing the contents of single cells, including single-cell DNA sequencing, RNA expression analysis, and protein level and activity measurements (Hu et al., 2018; Narrandes & Xu, 2018; Ortega et al., 2017; Wang & Navin, 2015). Single-cell DNA sequencing is generally

• br Conclusions br Acknowledgements This work

  2020-09-07

  

  Conclusions Acknowledgements This work was supported by the Science and Technology Planning Projects of Guangdong Province (2014A020210027); the Major Scientific Research Projects of Universities in Guangdong Province (2016KZDXM042); the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province (2015A0

• Environmental cues such as microbial

  2020-09-07

  

  Environmental cues, such as microbial, dietary, and neuronal signals, regulate the differentiation and function of ILC3s. However, the identities of any additional cues and the receptors that detect them remain unknown. An important class of proteins enabling cells to sense extracellular cues are G-

• Similarly EGCG restored the mitochondrial energy shortfall i

  2020-09-05

  

  Similarly, EGCG restored the mitochondrial energy shortfall in fibroblasts and lymphoblasts of the patients affected by Down syndrome, even so the mechanism of the effect was not clearly known (Valenti et al., 2013). EGCG also stimulated the mitochondrial biogenesis by activation of nuclear respirat

• Like all other cellular processes

  2020-09-05

  

  Like all other cellular processes, ubiquitination is also tightly regulated; more so, as myriads of pathways are controlled via this conjugation and dysregulation of ubiquitination has been implicated in various diseases including cancer [16], [17]. Quite a few of such regulatory mechanisms that con

• bradykinin receptor antagonist br Discussion The regulation

  2020-09-05

  

  Discussion The regulation of intracellular cholesterol levels is a biological process of vital importance for cellular function and integrity, and involves robust transcriptional and post-transcriptional mechanisms that are sensitive to metabolic feedback control. Amongst post-transcriptional mec

• The results described in the

  2020-09-05

  

  The results described in the present study confirm key restrictions on reaction conditions which must considered to maximize reactor productivity. Increased viscosity should be avoided for the amination of ketones by L-AmDH, as a 4-fold increase in viscosity can lower the reaction rate by as much as

• The proliferation of CCA cell lines can be stimulated by

  2020-09-04

  

  The proliferation of CCA cell lines can be stimulated by estrogen and other growth factors (Alvaro et al., 2006; DeMorrow, 2009; Mancino et al., 2009). It has also been reported that estrogen positively modulates cholangiocyte proliferation, which is associated with cholangiopathies found in humans

• The same reservoir of genes is involved in

  2020-09-04

  

  The same reservoir of sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor modulator is involved in fusions in all types of cancers, which predominantly encode kinases and transcriptional factors [102]. This makes fusion genes potential pan-cancer targets, and renders tumor categorization based on genetic profiling th

• Introduction Primitive neuroectodermal tumors PNETs are mali

  2020-09-04

  

  Introduction Primitive neuroectodermal tumors (PNETs) are malignant, small round cell tumors of neural crest origin which typically arises from bone or soft tissue in the trunk/axial skeleton/paraspinal regions in adolescents and young adults and comprises of 50% cases with local recurrence and met

• br Introduction Hematopoietic stem cells

  2020-09-04

  

  Introduction Hematopoietic stem orphan receptor and leukemic stem cells (HSCs and LSCs, respectively) both have a capacity of self-renewal. Whereas HSCs give rise to all blood lineages during lifetime hematopoiesis, LSCs are responsible for the initiation and propagation of leukemia, as well as

• br Materials and methods br Results

  2020-09-04

  

  Materials and methods Results Discussion In rodent species, CYP2E1 and CYP2B have been implicated in CCl4 metabolism. In this study, we used expressed human CYP2E1 to show that this enzyme is a high-affinity catalyst responsible for low-dose CCl4 metabolism. Studies employing an inhibitory

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