• br Discussion The regulation of intracellular cholesterol le

  2019-08-20

  

  Discussion The regulation of intracellular cholesterol levels is a biological process of vital importance for cellular function and integrity, and involves robust transcriptional and post-transcriptional mechanisms that are sensitive to metabolic feedback control. Amongst post-transcriptional mec

• In the signaling cascade of innate immunity

  2019-08-20

  

  In the signaling cascade of innate immunity, most of the receptor proteins, adaptor proteins, and kinases are modified by ubiquitination to activate and transduce the downstream signaling for efficient production of the IFN and proinflammatory cytokines to combat the pathogens. For example, the K-63

• br Results br Discussion The ubiquitin system has

  2019-08-20

  

  Results Discussion The ubiquitin system has in recent years become an exciting area for drug discovery (Cohen and Tcherpakov, 2010), as multiple enzymatic steps within the ubiquitylation process are druggable. The potential of targeting the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway was first demonstrated i

• Impaired dopaminergic systems associated with MA have been

  2019-08-20

  

  Impaired dopaminergic systems associated with MA have been well-documented (Walsh and Wagner, 1992, Kim et al., 1999, Nakajima et al., 2004, Shin et al., 2012, Shin et al., 2017b, Dang et al., 2016, Dang et al., 2017b). Previous reports have suggested that early MA use may be linked to higher risk f

• Many DNA repair pathways are candidates for DPC repair

  2019-08-20

  

  Many DNA repair pathways are candidates for DPC repair. Nucleotide excision repair (NER) is widely involved in both bacteria and eukaryotes in removing cross-linked protein with low molecular weights (11kDa) (Ide et al., 2011). The predominant pathway chosen by growth hormone secretagogue receptor

• Reports on the participation of NDH along

  2019-08-20

  

  Reports on the participation of NDH2 along with other respiratory complexes in the formation of a large supercomplex (Grandier-Vazeille et al. 2001) or even a respirosome-like structure in S. cerevisiae mitochondria (Matus-Ortega et al. 2015) are very intriguing. Similarly, in Y. lypolytica mitochon

• Cytochromes P CYP are a superfamily of hemoproteins containi

  2019-08-20

  

  Cytochromes P450 (CYP 450) are a superfamily of hemoproteins containing a heme cofactor, which are widely distributed in animals, plants and microbes (Hannemann et al., 2007). CYP450 exhibits a variety of biological functions including biotransformation of drugs, detoxification of endogenous and xen

• br Introduction The dorsal periaqueductal

  2019-08-20

  

  Introduction The dorsal periaqueductal gray matter (dPAG) is a midbrain site markedly involved in fear/anxiety-evoked responses as well as in nociception (see, for example, Bandler and Carrive, 1988, Deakin and Graeff, 1991, Fardin et al., 1984a, Fardin et al., 1984b, Litvin et al., 2007). Chemic

• Taken together our results demonstrate that

  2019-08-20

  

  Taken together, our results demonstrate that the changes of striatal dopamine release and locomotor activity observed following chronic nicotine treatment and consequent acute withdrawal are mediated by CRF1, but not CRF2. Previous studies have already indicated that blocking CRF1 would prevent some

• Both progesterone and the calcium ionophore A rely on

  2019-08-19

  

  Both progesterone and the calcium ionophore A23187 rely on the synthesis of cAMP by sAC to elicit exocytosis in human sperm (Fig. 2E-H and [8], [60]). We had reported earlier that digestion of endogenous cAMP with recombinant cAMP-specific phosphodiesterase 4D [9] or inhibition of its synthesis with

• Importantly our in vivo data fit to the

  2019-08-19

  

  Importantly, our in vivo data fit to the in vitro data, further confirming the synergistic effect of XJD and gefitinib on the inhibition of lung cancer and the regulation of SP1, HOTAIR, and EP4 L-741,626 reviews levels. The doses of XJD used were based on our previous in vivo study (Zhao et al., 2

• DNA replication checkpoint kinases in both yeast and human

  2019-08-19

  

  DNA replication checkpoint kinases in both yeast and human Trequinsin hydrochloride in upregulate dNTP levels under replication stress to mediate their essential function at replication forks (Yeeles et al., 2013). It is possible that upregulation of dNTP levels under replication stress helps fork

• RNA seq results also support the similarity between ESC and

  2019-08-19

  

  RNA-seq results also support the similarity between ESC- and YS-derived B-1 progenitors. Bmi1 expression, known as an important gene for self-renewal ability in stem cells, was reduced in ESC-derived B cells compared with YS-derived B cells, and Bmi1 overexpression improved the engraftment of ESC-de

• Studies have recently raised concerns about the potential ro

  2019-08-19

  

  Studies have recently raised concerns about the potential role of parabens in breast cancer, as these chemicals are commonly detectable in human breast cancer tissues. An analysis of 160 breast tissue samples collected from 40 mastectomies for primary breast cancer in England showed that at least on

• br Roles of ERR in Physiology and Disease br

  2019-08-19

  

  Roles of ERRγ in Physiology and Disease Concluding Remarks and Future Perspectives Over the last decade, the generation of tissue-specific ERRγ transgenic or knockout mice and the use of synthetic ligands have rapidly advanced our understanding of the roles of ERRγ in cellular functions, altho

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